A Presentation by Eleanor Campbell Schoen
Solomon and Naomi Cox Reunion, May 22, 1999
(Reprinted here with permission of the author)
There is record Stephen Bachiler's entry to St. John's College, Oxford University, 17 November 1581, at the age of twenty-one. He was admitted as a Bachelor of Arts, 3 February 1585/6.
The leading profession for college graduates in that day was that of Clergyman, and Mr. Bachiler determined to study for the ministry, at that time being a member of the established church.
Apparently, the time between his graduation from Oxford in February 1585/6 and 17 July 1587, was spent in preparation for his lifework. On the day last named, the death of Edward Parret, vicar of Wherwell in Hampshire, made a vacancy. Mr. Bachiler was presented with the place by William West, Lord de la Ware , and became vicar of The Church Of Holy Cross and St. Peter. (This Lord de la Ware was the father of the Lord for whom Delaware was named.)
The village of Wherwell stretches along the westerly bank of the Test Stream (called a troutful stream), in Hampshire, three and one half miles from Andover. Wherwell Abbey was home of three, possibly four English Queens renowned for their extraordinary beauty. In 986, Wherwell Abbey was founded for The Benedictine Nuns in penitence for bloodshed by Aelfrida, in which she was concerned. Aelfrida was the wife of Edmund the Magnificent, King of England. She was our ancestress.
The story was thus told: "and in the place, which by the inhabitants is called Wherwell, founded The Church of the Holly Cross, beseeching Christ, that He who was wounded on the memorable cross, shed His blood for the redemption of men, might deign to grant her the pardon purchased by His death, His wounds, and by the shedding of His blood rich in graces."
Today, there is practically no trace of the old church. Of Mr. Bachiler's life at Wherwell, little is known. We only know that he remained there until 1605, for on the ninth day of August 1605, John Bate, A clergyman, was appointed Vicar of Wherwell . A vacancy existing because of "The ejection of Stephen Bachiler" , the last Vicar. Not much more is known of his life in England at this point until the spring of 1632, when he sailed for New England. But, in 1593, he was cited in Star Chamber for having "uttered in a sermon at Newberry, very lewd speeches tending seditiously to the derogation of Her Majesty's government."
Queen Elizabeth had an act passed against the Puritans in 1593 which gave the authorities the right to imprison the Puritans for failure to attend The Anglican Church.
(Star Chamber was formerly an English Court of Civil and Criminal Jurisdiction of Westminster. It had jurisdiction over forgery, perjury, riots, maintenance, fraud, libel, and conspiracy, and could inflict any punishment short of death. This court was abolished in 1640.Its process was summary and often iniquitous (especially in the time of James I and Charles I). Jurors were punished for finding verdicts against the crown. This court approximated the methods of The Spanish Inquisition in extracting testimony.)
Mr. Bachiler was excommunicated from the church, and so no church record exists showing his abiding places. Probably he preached to different congregations, not in a settled way, but when he could avoid the persecution of the church people.
Occasionally we get a glimpse of his location. In 1610, he appears to still be a "Clergyman of the County of Southampton". And on 11 June 1621, Adam Winthrop's diary says that he had "invited Mr. Bachiler, the preacher" to dine with him, presumably at Groton in Suffolk.
Some of the parishioners of Barton Stacy in Hampshire, a few miles east of Wherwell, listened to his sermons at some time before 1632, for we find that Sir Robert Paine petitioned the council, stating that he was Sheriff of Hampton in that year and was also chosen church warden of Barton Stacy, and that some of the parishioners, petitioners tenants, having been formerly misled by Stephen Bachiler, a notorious inconformist, had demolished a consecrated chapel at Newton Stacy, neglected the repair of the parish church, maliciously opposed petitioners' intent(that he should repair the church at his own expense), and executed many things in contempt of the canons and the Bishop.
On the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, James VI of House of Stuart (son of Mary, Queen of Scots), ascended the English throne as James I. In January 1604, the famous Hampton Court Conference was held. When King James uttered his angry threat against the Puritans to Dr. Reynolds, the Puritan leader, "I will make them conform or I will harry them out of the Kingdom".
The presbyters or elders in the Scottish Church had always been a throne in James' royal side, so, when a delegation of bishops and other churchmen, including four Puritans, presented the list of requests for church reform at Hampton Court, he would only grant a few. To show that he meant business about his threat, James imprisoned the Puritans who presented the petition.
Thus James sealed his fate and that of the country; virtually signing the death-warrant of his son, Charles. If James had been less interested in showing off his theological knowledge; less frightened of falling into the Presbyterians hands (dissenters from whom he had escaped in Scotland); less consumed with his own idea of divine right at the Hampton Court Conference; and more willing to listen or accede even in a very small way to the moderate demands made by the reforming party within the reforming party within The Anglican Church, then probably, extreme radical Puritanism would not have come into being, and the Puritans who beset his son Charles would not have "harried him out of the land" via the headman's axe.
One good thing came out of the Hampton Court meeting. James accepted a proposal by one of the Puritans that the Bible then used, differed too much from the original Greek and Hebrew, and should be rewritten. James ordered that the most learned scholars at Oxford and Cambridge Universities work on translating a new Bible from the original languages. This resulted in the King James Bible (authorized version) still used today. The Pilgrims, however, used the Geneva Bible, first published in 1560, just after Elizabeth came to the throne. (This Bible has just been reprinted -- 1998, and has Puritan notes in the margin).
The dissenters were called Calvinists in Holland, Presbyterians in Scotland, Huguenots in France, and Puritans in England. Many went to Holland for refuge.
The next year, the King's threat was carried out against Stephen Bachiler. Winthrop said that Mr. Bachiler had suffered much at the hands of the Bishops, and in August 1605, he was replaced at Wherwell -- one of over one hundred who lost their pastorates because of James. Mr. Bachiler was among the first.
Mr. Bachiler embraced the "Puritan Doctrine" against the union of the church and state. He was considered a liberal Puritan, zealous of human rights. However, it seems that to the end of his life, he was constantly stepping on the toes of his parishioners.
It is thought, by some, that during the years from 1607 to 1620, Rev. Bachiler took refuge in Holland. We know his son-in-law, Rev. John Wing, husband of Mr. Bachiler's daughter Deborah, was pastor of an English church in Middleburgh, Holland, until he returned to England just prior to his death.
In the year 1622, there are records of land transactions near Newton Stacy, England, by Mr. Bachiler; so it is known that some time prior to 1622, he returned to England -- if he ever did leave England except for visits to Holland.
During the year 1629, a colonizing society "The Plough Company" was encouraging emigrants to go to New England. Mr. Bachiler invested one hundred pounds in the company (and loaned them more). He was determined to leave England for New England. It was during this year that Rev. John Wing, husband of Deborah Bachiler, wrote his will in London, and died 4 August 1630. Deborah, now a widow with three grown sons, made the decision to emigrate to America with her father. The three sons of her sister Ann, wife of Rev. John Sanborn, were also to make the journey with their grandfather.
Mr. Bachiler's daughter, Ann Sanborne was widowed by the time she was thirty. She remarried secondly by a license issued at Rochester, in Strood, Kent, on 20 January 1631/2 (Strood, Kent, Parish Register, Kent Record Office, Maidenstone, Kent), as "Mrs. Anne Sanborne" to "Mr. Henry Atkinson".
A suit was brought against John Bate, son of Rev. John Bate, thus establishing the basis of family connection between Bate, Bachiler, and Mrs. Atkinson, among others; also giving evidence that Stephen Bachiler's first wife, Ann, mother of all his children, was possibly sister of Rev. John Bate, Mr. Bachiler's successor at Wherwell in Hampshire. This was discovered by Charles Edward Banks in an English court record (Court of Requests, Public Record Office, London, Req. 2/678/64, dated 2 November 15th Charles I (1639)) and preserved by Charles Hull Batchelder in his extensive manuscript collection on the family at The New Hampshire Historical Society in Concord [NH]. A photocopy of the original large vellum document of this suit, and a careful transliteration of it, were received by George Freeman Sanborn, Jr., who is the founder and first president of the Sanborn Family Association (Founded 1984). (Source: The New Hampshire Genealogical Record, whole number 29 -- January 1991 -- Volume 8, Number 1, Pg. 14).
The "Plough Company" was made up of a group of dissenters. Some time during 1629/30, they named Mr. Bachiler their pastor. The "Plough Company" applied for a land grant in Maine. This effort was spearheaded by Richard Dummer, who is often called a "kinsman" or Mr. Bachiler. Richard Dummer, in a letter to Nathaniel Bachiler (son of Stephen, addressed him as "cussin".
Richard Dummer's first wife was Stephen Bachiler's step-daughter, being a daughter of Rev. Thomas and Helena Mason. Mrs. Helena Mason, widow, became Mr. Bachiler's third wife, and is the one who accompanied him to America. Her daughter was Frances Mason Dummer.
There are gaps in the English career of Stephen Bachiler. It would appear that he lived at Wherwell for most of the years from his induction there as vicar in 1587 until 1614, and that he then resided in Newton Stacy from 1614 to 1631. Shortly before his departure for New England.
He apparently lived briefly at South Stoneham, Hampshire, after disposing of his land at Barton Stacy, for that is the residence he gave for himself and his wife, Helena, (age 48), and his widowed daughter, Ann Sanborne (age 30), then living in "ye stand", to go to Flushing, Holland, for two months to visit his sons and daughters". This request was made 23 June 1631. Previously his daughter, theodate (theo-dah-tay) and her husband, Christopher Hussey, had been dispatched to the new world. It may be that Deborah Wing, his daughter had to returned to her old home in middleburgh, Holland.
Flushing is in Zealand near Middleburgh. Probably Mr. Bachiler's children and grandchildren were on the island of Walcheren, which contains both Flushing and Middleburgh.
Mr. Bachiler had three sons: Nathaniel who was a merchant; Stephen, who served as chaplain to Sir Charles Morgan in Holland; and Samuel, who was a minister in Sir Charles Morgan's fighting regiment in Holland. That same year Samuel was offered a pastorate in Flushing, but he declined. He preached "in the Armie" at Danger-Leager, and to the English at Gorinchem and Amsterdam. He wrote a book in 1625 of meditations on ....
Deuteronomy 23:9-14 "When the host goeth forth against thine enemies, then keep thee from every evil thing -- for the Lord God walketh in the midst of thy camp to deliver thee, and to give up thine enemies before thee; therefore shall thy camp be holy; that he seeth no unclean thing in thee, and turn away from thee."
There is a three page preface to his book addressed "to all my deare and loving countrymen in service to the states of the United Provinces, the Honorable Officers, and all honest souldiers of the English Nation residing in the Netherlands, and specially (as service bindeth me) to those of Gorcum in Holland."
On 9 March 1632, the Bachiler's boarded the ship "William and Francis" from London; Rev. Bachiler and his third wife, Helena; his widowed daughter, Deborah Wing, and her three sons, Daniel, John, and Stephen; also three Sanborne grandsons (Stephen, John, and William).
From the "Planters of the Commonwealth", passengers and ships, page 96 -- "ship: William and Francis". Mr. ----- Thomas, Master. Left London 9 March 1632. Arrived New England 5 June 1632, with about sixty passengers (per John Winthrop, Journal I, pp. 80,81). Rev. Stephen Bachiler of Newton Stacy, County Hampshire, England; Mrs. Helen Bachiler; John Sanborn, William Sanborn, Stephen Sanborn. (no mention of Deborah and her three sons. Perhaps they were listed separately or came on another ship).
The crossing was difficult. They were at sea for eighty-eight days. At this time, Mr. Bachiler was seventy-one years of age.
The cargo Mr. Bachiler brought with him is as follows:
Four hogsheads of peas,
Twelve yards of cloth,
Two hundred yards of list,
Oaken furniture,
and a collection box.
Rev. Stephen Bachiler's personal chair, now on loan at the New Hampshire Historical Society. [Editor's note: The Bachiler chair was on loan to the New Hampshire Historical Society from 1958 to 1986. The loan was returned to the heirs of the lender in 1986 at their request. The chair was then sold by the heirs and is now (2010) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Upon arrival in New England, Mr. Bachiler and his party proceeded to Saugus (now Lynn), Massachusetts, where his daughter, Theodate, and her husband, Christopher Hussey resided.
On his first Sunday in Lynn, Mr. Bachiler baptised four children. The first white child born in Lynn was Thomas Newhall, who was presented first for baptism. It has been said Mr. Bachiler put him aside and said "I will baptise my own child first", meaning Stephen, son of Christopher and Theodate Hussey.
Before Mr. Bachiler had been preaching four months at Lynn, he came under "suspicion" of having independent ideas, which he was not willing to yield to the dictates of others. The General Court passed the following order: "3 October 1632, Mr. Bachiler is required to forebear exercising his gifts as a pastor and teacher publiquely in or pattent, unless it be to those hee brought with him, for his contempt for authority and until some scandles be removed." It was considered "scandlous" to conduct worship in any way not approved of by the rulers, but, after five months the prohibition was removed, and he was free to gather a church in Massachusetts.
He went on to preach in Massachusetts Bay Colonies, including ipswich, yarmouth and Newberry. At Ipswich, he was granted fifty acres of land. His stay there was short. During 1637-8, he settled in Yarmouth, about one hundred miles from Ipswich. At that time, he was seventy-six and he went all the way on foot in a very hard season.
Mr. Bachiler was a tall and sinewy man, with prominent features. Especially his nose, a very dark complexion, coarse black hair in his younger days, white in age, mouth large and firm, eyes as black as sloes, features long rather than broad, a strong clear voice, rather slow of motion and speech, simple in dress, obstinate and tenacious of his opinions to a marked degree, a powerful preacher drawing largely from scripture, impress the hearers with the uncommon power and sanctity of his sermons, strong in his friendships and in his hates. (From: "The History of Hampton, N.H." by [Joseph] Dow).
In Newberry, he received a grant of land in 1638. It was soon after this, the General Court of Massachusetts gave him liberty to begin a plantation at Winnacunnet. It was at the request of Mr. Bachiler that the name of Winnacunnet was changed to Hampton. (Ref: New Hampshire Provincial Papers, Vol. I, Pg. 151) Soon after going there he sold his land in Newberry, and in 1639, as pastor at Hampton, he was granted three hundred acres of land for a farm, in addition to his house-lot.
Sometime during his stay in Hampton, his house burned and he suffered great loss. The greatest loss was his library. It was valued at two hundred pounds!
The church Mr. Bachiler organized at Hampton is now the oldest Congregational Society in New Hampshire and the second oldest continuous church fellowship in the United States. The original church was a frame building 40 feet by 22 feet. It was a plain building without chimney or stove, with pulpit, and seats, which were probably without backs, where men and women sat apart. (The first year they worshiped in a structure of logs.)
The period from 1638 to 1644 was a time of vast differences between Mr. Bachiler and his parishioners. He was prohibited from preaching. In fact, he was excommunicated!
In a letter addressed to Governor John Winthrop, he complained bitterly of Timothy Dalton, teacher at the Hampton church of which Mr. Bachiler was pastor:
Hampton, N.H.
"I see not how I can depart till I have, God forgive me, cleared and vindicated the cause and wrongs I have suffered of the church I yet live in; that is from the teacher (indeed) who hath done all and been the cause of all the dishonor that hath acrew'd to God, shame to myself, and griefs to all God's people. By his irregular proceedings and abuse of the power of the church in his hand by the major part cleaving to him, being his countrymen and acquaintance in old England."The teacher's act of his excommunicationing me would prove the foulest matter, both for the cause alleged of that excommunication, and the impulsive cause (even wrath and revenge), and also the manner of all his preceding throughout to the very end; and lastly, his keeping me under bonds."
During April of 1647, Mr. Bachiler left Hampton and removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire (then called Strawbery Banke). Winthrop wrote in his journals that Mr. Bachiler had to that time esteemed the pure life, but at the age of eighty, solicited the chastity of his neighbor's wife. Winthrop added that Mr. Bachiler then had "a lusty comely woman as his wife" (Helen).
All of Mr. Bachiler's children were by his first wife, Ann, who was possibly a sister of Rev. John Bate, who replaced Mr. Bachiler at Wherwell. Stephen Bachiler, Jr. called John Bate, Jr. "Cousin".
A case in Star Chamber reveals that Stephen Bachiler still resided in Wherwell in 1614. George Wighley, a minister and an oxford graduate, accused Stephen Bachiler, his son (Stephen), and John Bate of Wherwell, clerk, and others of libelling him by means of verses ridiculing him. In the course of the complaint, Wighley quotes John Bate as saying he would keep copy of the poem "As a monument of his Cousin's, the said Stephen Bachiler the younger, wit, who is in truth his cousin". (Star Chamber Proc. James I, 297/25, 1614)
(Stephen Bachiler, the younger enrolled at Oxford at the age of sixteen. He was expelled from Magdalene College, Oxford as the author of libellous verses.)
Mr. Bachiler's second wife was Christian Weare, widow. They were married at Abbots Ann, 2 March 1623/4.
His third wife was Helena Mason, widow of Rev. Thomas Mason. They were married 26 March 1627. She accompanied him to America, and was the "lusty comely woman."
Shortly after his removal to Strawbery Banke, Mr. Bachiler's "usual good sense" seems to have deserted him. He was now a widower and obtained for a housekeeper, a young widow, whom he called "an honest neighbor." He commented to John Winthrop that his neighbors seemed to think it unseemly -- so he married her, and the match was very unfortunate. It must have taken place when he was eighty-six or eighty-seven years old. She was sixty years younger than he was. Her name was Mary Bailey, widow of Robert Beedle, a fisherman/farmer, by whom she had two children -- a daughter, Elizabeth, and a son, Christopher.
The exact date of Stephen's marriage to Mary is unknown, because he performed the ceremony and failed to publish it, an omission for which he was fined ten pounds, later lowered to five pounds.
Mary began an affair with their young next door neighbor, George Rogers, and having been found out, she was subsequently sentenced by the Georgiana (York) Court to be flogged and branded with the letter "A". George Rogers also was to be flogged with forty stripes save one. Mary was to receive hers at the first Kittery Town Meeting six weeks after the birth of her child by George Rogers. The court also ordered Stephen Bachiler and Mary to live together as man and wife, or else! Instead, he took refuge with his grandson in Hampton.
Stephen Bachiler wanted to escape this woman, and England seemed the place to go, for political affairs in England had changed. The commonwealth had been established and Oliver Cromwell had become Lord Protector. It has been said that Mr. Bachiler and Cromwell had been friends. Whether that was true or not, his friends were now at the head of affairs in England now and his enemies had been defeated. His son-in-law, Christopher Hussey, helped fit him for the journey back to England in 1654.
In June 1654, the court ordered Thomas Hanscom, age 31, "not to live with Mary Bachiler". Further investigation reveals Mary's plight. At the October 1651 adultery trial, both she and Mr. Bachiler sought divorce, but were denied it. By that time, Hanscom was living with Mary, her legal husband was in England, where he remained until his death. Mary had found an attractive man from the Hanscom shipbuilding family, but was barred from legally marrying him. Finally, Mary was granted a divorce in 1656 (ironically, Stephen Bachiler was buried just seventeen days after Mary was granted the divorce). She told the court that Stephen had gone to England where he had taken another wife (absolutely no records confirm this), and she said she needed freedom to remarry for assistance in raising her two ailing children, and to conserve her estate. In 1657, she married Thomas Turner and became a respectable, successful, church-going woman, active in community affairs.
A book written in 1910 states that Mary Magdalene Bailey Beedle Bachiler Turner was the woman upon whom Nathaniel Hawthorne patterned Hester Prynne in "The Scarlet Letter". The evidence is strong that Hester Prynne was a character derived from Hawthorne's extensive knowledge of the history of Kittery in colonial times.
Reports that Mr. Bachiler died in Hackney, Middlesex in 1660, aged one hundred years, appeared in print, but long ago were disproved. These were based partly on tradition that he lived to a great age, and partly on a hasty conclusion made in error by someone reading material published in the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. VIII - fourth series (Boston, Mass.: the Society, 1868, pp. 583-584. This error showing him dying in Hackney, aged one hundred years, was caught many years ago and corrected in "additions and corrections" to the Genealogical Dictionary (Supra 781).
Some years ago, Philip B.Simnonds of Little Compton, Rhode Island (who discovered he had nine lines of descent from Stephan Bachiler), engaged the services of Brooks and Simpson, Ltd., of London, a highly reputable genealogical research firm, to discover more about Mr. Bachiler's origins and his death. The results were published by Rosemary E. Bachelor in Machias, Maine, in the Bachelor Family News-Journal, 4(April 1974): 5, and show that a very comprehensive search was made to verify previously known or surmised facts respecting Stephen Bachiler.
Nothing promising was found until they searched Boyd's Index to London Burials and found several Stephen Bachilers. One of these appeared to be the correct one, and they wrote: "However, a 1656 entry at Allhallows Staining, London, states, "Steeven Batchiller, Minister, that died at Robert Barber's, was buried in the new church-yard October 31, 1656." John Goode was parish rector 1654-1662, so this entry does not relate to the rector of the parish, and would appear to be our client's ancestor."
George Freeman Sanborn, Jr., from 1984, directed the English research carried out by Michael J. Wood, Esq. of London, and Mrs. Mary Rumsey of Alton, Hampshire. "Among many other things I asked Mr. Wood to look up was The Court of Requests Record and transcribe it in its entirety. I also asked him to verify the Brooks and Simpson Report."
At The Guildhall Library in London, Mr. Wood read the earliest surviving parish register of Allhallows Staining (Ms. 17824) covering marriage, christenings, burial, etc., 1653-1710, and for burials only, 1653-1670. Since it is known from records in this country that Rev. Stephen Bachiler was still in New England in 1654, the date of commencement of the burial register of Allhallows Staining was not a problem. Mr. Wood also found the following: "Steeven Batchiller, Minester that dyed att Robert Barber's was buryed in the new churchyard Octob 31th 1656."
"Because the alumni directories of both Oxford and Cambridge Universities reveal only two people named Stephen Bachiler (our Stephen Bachiler and his son), it is concluded that in all probability, the above record refers to the aged founder of Hampton, New Hampshire."
"The Churchwardens" accounts for Allhallows Staining survive from a very early date, and reveal another bit of information (MS. 495613 Guildhall Library, London). Receipts included payment for burials, and the payments took the form of donations, poor relief, and the like, as well as routine expenses. On page 193, for the year 1656, Mr. Wood found:
"Receipts by Richard Pockley, Church Warden
received for Stephen Bachiler's knell one shilling six pence."
The receipt of one shilling six pence for Rev. Bachiler's knell is in the midst of receipts described as for burials, but there is no mention of payment for burials only. It would thus seem (were this not contradicted by the Parish Record itself) that he was buried elsewhere, and only the tolling of the bell was performed for him at this church. Very few other entries are for knells.
Evidently, then, Rev. Stephen Bachilder was buried in the church yard of Allhallows Staining on 31 October 1656, above ninety years.
The church of Allhallows Staining stood on the west side of Mark Lane near its northern end, just south of Fen-Church Street. The church was taken down in 1870 when the parish was united with the parish of St. Olave Hart Street. The tower of Allhallows staining built in the fifteenth century was preserved, and a small pleasant garden created around it.
In 1873, when the churchyard situated in Star Alley, Mark Lane was laid out as a garden, the old gravestones, with three exceptions, were covered with earth, but an accurate plan had been made of the church yard, indicating the gravestones in their several positions,s and a copy of all the legible inscriptions was annexed to the plan. A copy of the plan, with the inscriptions was preserved among parish records of Allhallows Staining. Evidently none could be found for Mr. Bachiler.
Mr. Bachiler was a man of rare physical and intellectual vigor. Winthrop classed him among "honest men."
Rev. Cotton of Boston in a letter said, "I find he was a gentleman of learning and ingenuity, and wrote a fine and curious hand."
Stephen Bachiler's signature & seal.
Stephen Bachiler's children were:
(1) Nathaniel b. 1590 Wherwell (2) Deborah b. 1592 Wherwell (3) Stephen b. 1594 Wherwell (4) Theodate b. 1596 Wherwell (5) Samuel b. 1597/8 Wherwell (6) Anne b. 1600/1 Wherwell
It is written, "Whoever considers Stephen Bachiler's life was a waste, because he did not obtain riches nor temporal honors, knows little of the manner in which reforms are accomplished. One thing for which he bitterly contended is universally conceded. The separation of church and state is recognized as unquestionably right by all his opponents, and his firm stand in behalf of the liberty of New Hampshire loses nothing because it was unsuccessful. Success would have left in doubt his firmness in standing out when the consequences were certain to be his practical destruction and utter ruin."
Stephen Bachiler was not faultless, but he was a dedicated and courageous man -- our ancestor.
The Sanborn Association is also continuing its research on the Bachiler Family.
The Sanborn Family Association
24 Thornton Street
Derry, New Hampshire
03038-1628
{22 May 1999}